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International approval came just 21 years later when the first Carlsberg beer was exported to Great Britain. Jacobsen uses the incident to modernise the brewery yet again.

He installs a cooling system that improves product quality and leads to a dramatic increase in sales. Now, Jacobsen's son Carl returns from studying brewing process in Europe. He is invited to brew his own beer in the newly constructed annex brewery. He names his brewery New Carlsberg. The first thing Carl does is to meet market demand by pushing capacity and cutting his father's brewing process in half. In 10 short years, sales at his New Carlsberg surpass that of his father's Old Carlsberg.

Carl is selling his beer under the Carlsberg name but much to his father's dissaproval, Carl produces a beer with a shorter storage time. This sparks a family feud between father and son. Jacobsen, who has his lawyers evict Carl from the Annex and legally attempts to limit his production capacity. He even tries to force Carl to change the name of his brewery.

Father and son eventually reconcile in October , just before J. Jacobsen's death. Jacobsen founds the Carlsberg Laboratory to study the malting, brewing and fermenting process.

The Carlsberg Foundation is established to manage the Carlsberg Laboratory and to support Danish scientific research. After falling out with his father, Carl Jacobsen sets up his new independent brewery New Carlsberg.

By , professor Emil Christian Hansen develops the key to a perfectly consistent beer production. He discovers that organisms are composed of different fungi and that yeast culture can be cultivated.

In , J. Jacobson founded the Carlsberg Laboratory to study malting, brewing, and fermentation. In , he established the Carlsberg Foundation to oversee the lab and to support scientific research in Denmark. To reinforce their growing export presence, Carlsberg and Tuborg combined under one name in , becoming United Breweries Ltd. Under the terms of the charter, the Carlsberg Foundation was awarded a mandatory ownership of at least 51 percent of the shares of the new company.

United Breweries continued to expand its business by penetrating foreign markets. One of its most important markets was Great Britain. In the company set up a partnership with the British beer maker Watney to build a lager brewery at Northampton. This was United's biggest operation outside Denmark. By the Carlsberg brand lager produced there accounted for about 14 percent of British lager sales. The Grand Metropolitan group took over Watney in , and in it sold its 49 percent interest in Carlsberg U.

Grand Metropolitan continued to distribute Carlsberg lager through its 7, pub outlets. United Breweries took a different tack with its Tuborg brand, however. The largest British brewer, Bass Charington, distributed Tuborg, which was at first all imported directly from Denmark. Tuborg then was brewed under license at four Bass breweries, but that agreement ended in United took back independent control of Tuborg marketing in Britain, hoping to increase sales.

The company also intensified its drive to market Tuborg internationally and in licensed a Hungarian brewery to produce the lager there. United Brewery's two main brands were available in almost every European capital by the middle s. About 70 percent of United's beer was sold abroad, through direct exports, through licensed foreign breweries, or through breweries that the company owned.

Despite its growing success in Europe, Asia, and Africa, United faced problems in its native Denmark. That country ranked eighth in the world in per capita beer consumption, and United had an 80 percent market share, but sales were stagnant.

United worked under a fixed price system in Denmark, where it sold its products for the same price everywhere, regardless of volume. Some Danish supermarkets began to fight against what they considered United's monopolistic practices, by slashing beer prices to less than wholesale.

United resorted to threatening to halt deliveries of Carlsberg and Tuborg to stores that discounted. Another problem with the Danish market was that younger drinkers were turning increasingly to wine. In an effort to win back its young customers, United entered into a distribution agreement with American brewer Anheuser-Busch to sell its Budweiser brand in Denmark.

Younger people were interested in American imports and more apt to experiment with a new brand than older drinkers. Our product portfolio offers beer for every occasion and for every palate and lifestyle. Carlsberg Smooth, a premium mild beer crafted with the finest European Barley for a rich and smooth taste. Especially brewed for the Indian palate, Tuborg Classic is a rich tasting strong beer that offers the new generation of beer lovers a differentiated product.

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