Go back to your GP if your symptoms haven't started to improve within a few days. Most people won't have any side effects from antibiotic treatment, but possible side effects can include feeling or being sick, itching , a rash and diarrhoea.
If you keep getting cystitis recurrent cystitis , a doctor may prescribe stand-by antibiotics or continuous antibiotics. A stand-by antibiotic is a prescription you can take to a pharmacy the next time you have symptoms of cystitis without needing to visit a GP first. Your doctor may also recommend some measures you can take to prevent cystitis, although it's not clear how effective these are.
Page last reviewed: 09 August Next review due: 09 August The urine test will either be sent to a laboratory, or the doctor may use a dipstick. Urine dipstick results come back quickly while the patient is still in the office.
A urine culture or catheterized urine specimen may be performed to determine the type of bacteria in the urine. After finding out which specific bacterium is causing the infection, the doctor will prescribe an oral antibiotic. Most doctors will also offer to test for a sexually transmitted infection STI. STIs often have similar symptoms to cystitis.
This could include an ultrasound scan , an X-ray, or a cystoscopy of the bladder, using a fiber-optic camera. Most cases of mild cystitis will resolve itself within a few days. Any cystitis that lasts more than 4 days should be discussed with a doctor.
Doctors may prescribe a 3 day or 7 to 10 day course of antibiotics, depending on the patient. This should start to ease symptoms within a day. If symptoms do not improve after taking the antibiotics, the patient should return to the doctor. Antibiotics commonly used for bacterial cystitis are nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin, cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. In older people and those with weakened immune systems, due, for example, to diabetes , have a higher risk of the infection spreading to the kidney and other complications.
Most women are expected to have at least one incident of cystitis during their lives, and many will have more than one. Male cystitis is more likely to result from another underlying condition, such as a prostate infection, cancer , an obstruction, or an enlarged prostate. A bladder infection can be painful and annoying, and it can become a serious health problem if the infection spreads to your kidneys.
Less commonly, cystitis may occur as a reaction to certain drugs, radiation therapy or potential irritants, such as feminine hygiene spray, spermicidal jellies or long-term use of a catheter. Cystitis may also occur as a complication of another illness. The usual treatment for bacterial cystitis is antibiotics. Treatment for other types of cystitis depends on the underlying cause.
In young children, new episodes of accidental daytime wetting also may be a sign of a urinary tract infection UTI. Nighttime bed-wetting on its own isn't likely to be associated with a UTI. Seek immediate medical help if you have signs and symptoms common to a kidney infection, including:. If you develop urgent, frequent or painful urination that lasts for several hours or longer or if you notice blood in your urine, call your doctor. Also call your doctor if cystitis symptoms return after you've finished a course of antibiotics.
You may need a different type of medication. Your urinary system — which includes your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra — removes waste from your body through urine. Your kidneys, located in the rear portion of your upper abdomen, produce urine by filtering waste and fluid from your blood. Your urinary system includes your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.
All play a role in removing waste from your body. Your kidneys — a pair of bean-shaped organs located toward the back of your upper abdomen — filter waste from your blood and regulate the concentrations of many substances. Tubes called ureters carry urine from your kidneys to the bladder, where it's stored until it exits your body through the urethra. UTIs typically occur when bacteria outside the body enter the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply.
Most cases of cystitis are caused by a type of Escherichia coli E. Bacterial bladder infections may occur in women as a result of sexual intercourse.
But even sexually inactive girls and women are susceptible to lower urinary tract infections because the female genital area often harbors bacteria that can cause cystitis. Although bacterial infections are the most common cause of cystitis, a number of noninfectious factors also may cause the bladder to become inflamed.
Short-course nitrofurantoin for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in women. Cranberries for treating urinary tract infections. Prevalence and predictors of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance among uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in Michigan. Prior antimicrobial drug exposure: a risk factor for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant urinary tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother. Conventional and molecular epidemiology of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance among urinary Escherichia coli isolates.
Risk factors for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. This content is owned by the AAFP. A person viewing it online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference.
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