These are considered to be the first production electronic fuel injection automobiles. Due to the primitive design and construction of early EFI components, only thirty-five units were ever actually delivered to consumers. Most were eventually converted to four-barrel carburetors and the Electrojector patent design was sold to Bosch. Again, European automakers jumped on the idea. In the mid s, Japanese automakers got on the EFI bandwagon, as well. It bore great similarity to the Jetronic systems offered by Bosch.
This system utilized an air flow meter, atmospheric pressure sensor, and engine temperature sensor to determine the rate at which fuel should be delivered. Air flow varied, increasing as the throttle was opened and vehicle speed was increased and decreasing as the throttle was closed and vehicle speed decreased.
Fuel was delivered accordingly. Motorola, an American based company, began producing the first Electronic Engine Control Modules for fuel injected engines in By the mid s automakers were in the process of discontinuing the use of carbureted fuel delivery engines.
Partially because of stricter U. Individual automakers used their own computer controlled systems which required dedicated diagnostic equipment. Less than half of all vehicles manufactured in the U. OBD-II offered precise fuel delivery, tedious engine monitoring, and universal diagnostic connectors. Be on the lookout for the next article in this series on the BestRide Midnight Oil Blog, which deals with modern computer controlled electronic fuel injection systems.
We will take a look at the individual components involved and their function in Top Automotive Innovations: Electronic Fuel Injection. I am a freelance author with over 25 years of experience as a professional, ASE certified automotive technician and shop owner, muscle car enthusiast, avid street racer, and classic car restoration specialist. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.
Fuel Injected Chevrolet Corvette One of the key modern automobile innovations is the invention of fuel injection. Mechanical Fuel Injection Initially, mechanical fuel injection was used exclusively in aircraft engines. Assorted Electronic Fuel Injectors Bendix, an American corporation absorbed by Honeywell in , was responsible for the first electronic fuel injection EFI system offered in a production vehicle. EEC III controller By the mid s automakers were in the process of discontinuing the use of carbureted fuel delivery engines.
Throttle body injection was one of the first domestic fuel injection systems to enter the market to easily replace the carburetor on existing engine designs. TBI required a simple computer capable of operating multiple injectors spraying into the air going into the intake manifold. A throttle position sensor TPS , coolant temperature sensor CTS , manifold absolute pressure MAP and oxygen O2 sensor, were the primary sensors needed to establish accurate fuel control on the engine.
Fuel was delivered via an in-tank fuel pump. To reduce wet flow, auto manufacturers introduced multi-port injection. Multi-port injection systems were able to be timed to inject fuel as the intake valve opens. The fuel distribution remained uneven between the cylinders. Since emissions standards continued to grow stricter, gasoline direct fuel injection GDFI systems have become more readily available. Most GDFI use an in-tank pump to supply a high pressure pump that injects the fuel.
The high pressure pump is monitored by the PCM and can change the amount of fuel entering the pump. Most pumps produce around 2, psi of fuel pressure to overcome the pressures generated by combustion and compression, and to inject a relatively large volume of fuel in a short amount of time.
GDFI systems require piezo-electric fuel injectors, which can open the injector pintle valves at over 2, psi. The most immediate advantages of injecting gasoline directly into an engine cylinder are increased fuel economy and power. There are many things that can affect how a gasoline direct fuel injection system is used, so this article will focus on the basics.
A GDFI engine can be operated in stoichiometric A fuel-stratified injection FSI operating strategy can also increase fuel economy. A stratified system has limited uses due to many problems such as exhaust valve damage. Gasoline direct fuel injection also allows engineers to actually start the engine by injecting fuel into a cylinder at rest on the power stroke and igniting it with the spark plug.
This is repeated in all the cylinders in the firing sequence until idle speed is reached.
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